1. Describe the various functions of the kidneys

2. Describe the anatomy of the urinary system

3. Describe a nephron: compare tubular to vascular components

4. Compare/contrast filtration, reabsorption, secretion, excretion

5. Describe the changes that occur in the volume and osmolarity as fluid flows through the nephron

6. Describe glomerular filtration. Explain the role of Starling forces.

7. Define glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

8. Describe the regulation of GFR

9. Describe the juxtaglomerular apparatus: location, secretory products

10. Compare contrast active to passive reabsorption and secretion

11. Define the transport maximum. Explain its role in reabsorption and secretion

12. Define renal threshold. What is the renal threshold for glucose? What is the plasma concentration of

glucose?

13. Describe the renal handling of penicillin.

14. Define renal clearance. Explain its role in defining renal handling of a substance.

15. Explain the use of inulin or creatinine clearance to estimate GFR.

16. Describe the process of micturition