BMD 330: Human Physiology

Chapter 21 Objectives

Endocrine Control of Metabolism and Growth

Metabolism

1. Define metabolism, anabolism and catabolism

2. Explain energy balance

3. Define convection, conduction, evaporation, and radiation

4. Describe the process of thermoregulation

a. Define the thermoneutral zone

b. Describe the role of blood flow in thermoregulation

c. Describe the process of sweating

d. Explain unregulated heat production

e. Compare/contrast shivering and non-shivering thermogenesis

5. What produces fever?

6. Compare/contrast hypothermia and hyperthermia

7. Define metabolic rate

8. Explain how metabolic rate can be measured, directly or indirectly

9. Define basal metabolic rate

10. Define respiratory quotient

11. Explain diet-induced thermogenesis

12. Explain the daily energy requirements

13. Compare/contrast absorptive and postabsorptive states

14. Define glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, and gluconeogenesis

15. Describe the fate of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats after a meal

16. Describe the role of the liver during the fasting state

17. Explain the production of ketone bodies

18. Describe the pancreas and the hormones it secretes

19. Compare/contrast insulin and glucagon

a. Site of synthesis and release

b. Stimuli for release

c. Function

20. Describe the control of blood glucose levels

21. Compare/contrast the different types of diabetes

22. Explain the effects of the catecholamines on blood glucose levels

23. Describe the CCK theory of regulating food intake

24. List the various hormones that affect blood glucose levels and state whether they increase or decrease it

25. Name the hormones of the adrenal gland and their sites of synthesis

26. Describe the effects of cortisol on metabolism

27. Describe the anatomy of the thyroid gland

28. Name the different endocrine cell types of the thyroid gland and their respective hormone.

29. Describe the structure and synthesis of thyroid hormone

30. Describe the control of thyroid hormone secretion

31. List the main effects of thyroid hormone

Growth

32. List the main hormones affecting growth

33. Explain the role of Growth Hormone in growth

34. Describe the process of bone growth

35. List the hormones that regulate calcium. Describe their actions.