| SCHOOL
OF COMPUTER AND INFORMATION SCIENCES |
| GRADUATE |
| |
|
Dean:
David L. Feinstein (251) 460-6390 |
| Director,
CIS Graduate Studies: R. J. Daigle |
| Coordinators:
Daigle (ISC), Doran (CSC), Owen (ITE) |
| Professors:
Daigle, Doran, Feinstein, Longenecker |
| Associate
Professors: Hain, Langan, Pardue |
| Assistant
Professors: Johnsten,
Landry, Moulton, Owen, Simmons, Sweeney, Zhou |
| |
| |
School
of Computer and Information Sciences web site
http://www.cis.usouthal.edu
|
| |
| |
| THE
MASTER OF SCIENCE IN COMPUTER AND INFORMATION
SCIENCES PROGRAM |
| The
Master of Science in Computer and Information
Sciences degree program is designed for students
and professionals wishing to further their knowledge
and expertise in computer science. There are two
major areas of concentration within the degree
program: |
| 1. |
COMPUTER
SCIENCE (CSC) for students interested in
the theoretical aspects of the discipline with
an emphasis on the construction of system software
or the development of scientific applications
using software engineering principles. |
| 2. |
INFORMATION
SYSTEMS (ISC)
for students interested in business and organizational
applications and information systems management. |
| |
| REQUIREMENTS
FOR REGULAR AND PROVISIONAL ADMISSION |
| Students
are admitted each semester. Applicants who have
an earned undergraduate or graduate degree from
an accredited institution of higher education
and who satisfy the admission criteria for the
Graduate School (See Graduate School, Categories
of Admission) may qualify for admission to the
School of Computer and Information Sciences Graduate
Program. |
- Applicants
whose highest degree is an earned graduate
degree from an
accredited institution of higher education
may qualify for Regular Admission based upon
their previous graduate work.
- Applicants
whose highest degree is an undergraduate degree
from an accredited
institution of higher education must provide
official scores on the Verbal, Quantitative,
and Analytical Writing sections of the GRE
in addition to the Graduate School requirements
for Regular or Provisional Admission.
|
| Final
admission decisions are made based upon an evaluation
of the applicant's complete file which consists
of all official academic transcripts, undergraduate
grade-point average; GRE scores; letters of reference;
professional experience; the applicant's statement
of purpose; TOEFL scores (for international applicants);
and program enrollment and availability. |
| |
| NON-DEGREE
ADMISSION |
| The School of CIS does not accept Non-Degree admissions to the Master of Science in Computer and Information Sciences. |
| |
| COMPUTER OWNERSHIP POLICY |
| All students enrolling in any undergraduate and graduate course, except CIS 110, CIS 150, CIS 250, CIS 227, and CIS 500, are required to own a personal laptop computer system that conforms to the current School minimum published standards. This is a one-student one-machine requirement. Consult the School of Computer and Information Sciences web site at www.cis.usouthal.edu for current standards. |
| |
| CIS GRADUATE PROFESSIONAL COMPONENT |
| All CIS graduate courses require CIS Graduate Professional Component Standing. Upon entering the School of Computer and Information Sciences Graduate Program, the student meets with the coordinator of the student's specialization area (CSC or ISC) to prepare an initial draft of the student's personal program of study. The specialization coordinator reviews the student's previous academic work to see if any courses from the CIS Graduate Foundation or the Required/Supporting courses are to be included as part of the student's personal program of study. These prescribed courses form the CIS Graduate Professional Component requirement for the student. A student attains CIS Graduate Professional Component Standing if either a) the student is not prescribed Professional Component courses or b) the student successfully completes the prescribed Professional Component courses. The CIS Foundation and Requirement/Supporting Courses (undergraduate equivalents are listed in parenthesis) for each specialization are enumerated below: |
| 1.
|
CIS
GRADUATE FOUNDATION COURSES: |
| A. |
Courses
common to Computer Science (CSC) and Information
Systems (ISC) Specializations
Five (5) CIS Foundation
courses common to both CSC and ISC specializations
are as follows: |
| |
a. |
CIS |
501 |
Accelerated
Programming |
| |
|
(CIS |
120) |
(Problem
Solving and Programming Concepts I) And |
| |
|
(CIS |
121) |
(Problem
Solving and Programming Concepts II) |
| |
b. |
CIS |
502 |
Accelerated
Operating Systems and Computer Architecture |
| |
|
(CSC |
320) |
(Computer
Organization and Architecture) |
| |
|
|
And |
|
| |
|
(CIS |
322) |
(Operating
Systems) |
| |
c. |
CIS |
503 |
Accelerated
Data and File Structures |
| |
|
(CIS |
230) |
(Adv Data and File Structures) |
| |
d. |
CIS |
504 |
Accelerated Networks and Communications |
| |
|
(CIS |
321) |
(Data
Comm and Networking) |
| |
e. |
CIS |
507 |
Database
Programming |
| |
|
(CIS |
324) |
(Database Design, Development, and Management) |
| B. |
Computer Science (CSC) |
| |
There
is one additional CIS Foundation course for the
CSC specialization: |
| |
|
CIS |
505, |
Programming Languages |
| |
|
(CSC |
333) |
Program
Language Theory) |
| |
|
|
And |
|
| |
|
(CSC |
434) |
(Formal
Language and Automata Theory) |
| C. |
Information Systems (ISC) |
| |
There
is one additional CIS Foundation course for the
ISC specialization: |
| |
|
CIS |
506 |
IS
in Organizations (No undergraduate equivalent) |
| 2. |
REQUIRED
SUPPORTING COURSES: |
| |
The
supporting courses required for each specialization
area are as follows: |
| |
a. |
COMPUTER
SCIENCE (CSC) |
| |
|
MA |
125 |
Calculus
I |
| |
|
MA |
126
|
Calculus II |
| |
|
MA |
267 |
Discrete Math |
| |
|
|
And |
|
| |
|
ST |
315 |
Statistics |
| |
b. |
INFORMATION
SYSTEMS (ISC) |
| |
|
MA |
120 |
Calculus
and its Applications Or MA 267 Discrete Math |
| |
|
MGT |
340 |
Organizational
Behavior |
| |
|
MGT |
497 |
MBA Statistical Analysis |
| |
|
|
And |
|
| |
|
One
additional approved Business/Management course |
| |
| INTERNATIONAL
STUDENTS SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS |
| International
students must submit documentary evidence showing
TOEFL test scores of at least 525 or an equivalent
level of competence as exhibited by a bachelors
degree from an accredited university in the United
States. All international students will be required
to take the ESL (English as a Second Language)
examination and may be required to enroll in ESL
courses as part of their graduate program in addition
to the normal requirements for the degree listed
below. |
| |
| CHOICE
OF BULLETIN UNDER WHICH A STUDENT GRADUATES |
| Students
entering the CIS program may choose any catalogue
from their entry date to their time of graduation.
This applies for new students and transfer students.
Students at the University of South Alabama changing
their graduate specialization in CIS, changing
their major to CIS, or who interrupt their program
for more than one calendar year are considered
new students with respect to catalogue selection. |
| |
| COURSES
TAKEN OUTSIDE THE SCHOOL OF COMPUTER AND INFORMATION
SCIENCES |
| No
more than three graduate courses, maximum of nine
(9) semester hours taken outside of the School
of Computer and Information Sciences may be applied
toward the degree. Only grades of A
or B may be accepted. Transfer credit
is approved only after completion of a minimum
of nine (9) semester hours of graduate credit
towards the degree. Any such transfer courses
must be approved by the Director of Graduate Studies
for Computer and Information Sciences and the
students advisor and may not have been used
to fulfill the requirements of another graduate
degree. |
| |
| SCHEDULING
OF COURSES |
| The
graduate program for CIS is primarily an evening
program. The courses are scheduled to accommodate
full-time students (normally two or three courses
per semester) and part-time students (one course
per semester). Special topics, directed study,
and thesis courses are available as they are needed. |
| |
| TIME
LIMITATION |
| All
requirements for a graduate degree must be completed
within five (5) calendar years from the date of
matriculation as a CIS graduate student. The
five calendar year constraint also applies to
all accepted transfer
courses. |
| |
| GRADUATE
RESEARCH SEMINAR |
| The
CIS Graduate Research Seminar is scheduled periodically
during each semester as a forum for students and
faculty to present and discuss research issues,
ideas, and results. Attendance is expected of
all graduate students. For students enrolled in
these special courses: CIS 518, CIS 594, CIS 595,
CSC 595, ISC 595, CIS 598, CSC 598, ISC 598, and
CIS 599. Moreover students enrolled in these special
courses are required to give a presentation each
semester based on their work in the course in
which they are enrolled. |
| |
| PROFESSIONAL
PARTICIPATION |
| Masters
students are expected to take an active part in
at least one (1) professional computing organization.
They are expected to be aware of the social impact
of computing and adhere to the ACM/AITP code of
ethics. |
| |
| GRADUATE
ASSISTANTSHIPS AND FELLOWSHIPS |
| A
limited number of graduate assistantships are
available on a competitive basis and are awarded
on the recommendation of the School of Computer
and Information Sciences. Applications can be
obtained from the CIS office. |
| |
| COMPREHENSIVE
EXAMINATION |
| All
CIS masters students must complete a comprehensive
examination for the CORE courses in their Specialization
(Computer Science or Information Systems). The
comprehensive examination may be repeated no more
than twice. A written examination is required
of students who choose the Course Only Concentration, an oral examination is required of students
who complete either the Thesis Concentration or
the Project Concentration. |
| |
| GRADUATE
SCHOOL STANDARDS |
| For
all other graduate policies and procedures not
specifically supplemented for the Master of Science
in Computer and Information Sciences degree program,
refer to The Graduate School.
Some policies and procedures that may be of interest
are: Graduate Study for Advanced Undergraduates,
Graduate School Academic Standards, Grade Standards,
Change of Grade, Academic Dismissal, Final Grade
Grievance Policy, Appeal Procedure, English Language
Proficiency, Full Load of Course Work in a Semester,
Change of Program, Student Responsibility, Degree
Requirements for the Masters Degree, Guidelines
for Theses and Dissertations, Standards for Theses
and Dissertations, and Application for Degree. |
| |
| REQUIREMENTS
FOR MASTERS DEGREE WITH COMPUTER SCIENCE (CSC)
SPECIALIZATION |
| Students must satisfactorily complete any prescribed CIS Graduate Professional Component courses, a comprehensive examination, and thirty-six (36) graduate credit hours for the Master of Science degree with Computer Science specialization. The thirty-six (36) graduate credit hours consist of twelve (12) hours of CORE courses, three (3) semester hours of REQUIRED courses, and twenty-one (21) semester hours of approved elective courses according to the selected concentration option as follows: |
| 1. |
CORE
COURSES (12 semester hours): |
| |
All
core courses must be completed with a minimum
grade of B. |
| |
|
CSC |
520 |
Computer Architecture |
| |
|
CSC |
522 |
Perform Eval of Algorithms |
| |
|
CSC |
525 |
Complexity Theory |
| |
|
|
And |
|
| |
|
CSC |
527 |
Software
Engineering Prin |
| |
|
|
|
|
| 2. |
REQUIRED
COURSES (3 semester hours): |
| |
|
CIS |
518 |
CIS
Research Methodologies |
| |
| 3. |
CONCENTRATIONS (21 semester hours): |
| |
A. |
THESIS
CONCENTRATION. |
| |
Acceptance to the THESIS CONCENTRATION may occur after successfully completing each Computer Science core course with a minimum grade of B and CIS 518 with a grade of S. Students must enroll in CIS 595 (Computer and Information Sciences Research Development) in the semester during which they defend their thesis prospectus. The thesis will normally be completed in one semester while enrolled in CIS 599 (Computer and Information Sciences Thesis). Students must enroll in CIS 599 in the semester during which they defend and/or submit their thesis. A grade of "C" in CIS 595 will result in the dismissal from the THESIS CONCENTRATION to the COURSE ONLY CONCENTRATION. A maximum of nine (9) semester hours of CIS 595 and CIS 599 may be applied to the degree for the THESIS CONCENTRATION. |
| |
a. |
Research Development |
| |
|
A
minimum of three (3) and a maximum of six (6)
semester hours credit of CIS 595, Computer and
Information Sciences Research Development, may
be applied towards the degree. |
| |
b. |
Thesis |
| |
|
A
minimum of three (3) and a maximum of six (6)
semester hours credit of CIS 599, Computer and
Information Sciences Thesis, may be applied towards
the degree. |
| |
c. |
Elective
Course Work |
| |
|
A
minimum of twelve (12) and a maximum of fifteen
(15) semester hours of approved electives. A list
of Pre-Approved Computer Science elective courses and a list of Special Permission courses are given in this section. |
| |
d. |
Comprehensive Examination |
| |
|
All students in the Thesis Concentration must pass an oral comprehensive examination administered after the thesis committee accepts the thesis. |
| |
B. |
PROJECT
CONCENTRATION. |
| |
Acceptance to the PROJECT CONCENTRATION may occur after successfully completing each Computer Science core course with a minimum grade of B and CSC 518 with a grade of S. A required defense of the project proposal is normally made in the semester following completion of CIS 518. Students must enroll in CSC 595, Computer Science Project Proposal Development, in the semester during which they defend their project proposal. The project will normally be completed in one semester while enrolled in CSC 598, Computer Science Project. Students must enroll in CSC 598 in the semester during which they defend and/or submit their project. A grade of "C" in CSC 595 will result in the dismissal from the PROJECT CONCENTRATION to the COURSE ONLY CONCENTRATION. A maximum of nine (9) semester hours of CSC 595 and CSC 598 may be applied to the degree for the PROJECT CONCENTRATION. |
| |
a. |
Project Proposal Development |
| |
|
A
minimum of three (3) and a maximum of six (6)
semester hours credit of CSC 595, Computer Science
Project Proposal Development, may be applied towards
the degree. |
| |
b. |
Project |
| |
|
A
minimum of three (3) and a maximum of six (6)
semester hours credit of CSC 598, Computer Science
Project, may be applied towards the degree. |
| |
c. |
Elective Course Work |
| |
|
A
minimum of twelve (12) and a maximum of fifteen
(15) semester hours of approved electives. A list
of Pre-Approved Computer Science elective courses and a list of Special Permission courses are
given in this section. |
| |
d. |
Comprehensive Examination |
| |
|
All students in the Project Concentration must pass an oral comprehensive examination administered after the project committee accepts the project. |
| |
|
|
| |
C. |
COURSE
ONLY CONCENTRATION. |
| |
Computer Science students who do not choose the THESIS CONCENTRATION or the PROJECT CONCENTRATION are assumed to be in the COURSE ONLY CONCENTRATION. Acceptance to the COURSE ONLY CONCENTRATION occurs after successfully completing each Computer Science core course with a minimum grade of B and CIS 518 with a grade of S. |
| |
a. |
Elective Course Work |
| |
|
Twenty-one (21) semester hours of approved electives are required. A list of Pre-Approved Computer Science elective courses and a list of Special Permission courses are given in this section. |
| |
b. |
Comprehensive Examination |
| |
|
All students in this Concentration must pass a written comprehensive examination. Students must take the examination as soon as possible after successfully completing each Computer Science core course with a minimum grade of B and CIS 518 with a grade of S. Students wishing to sit for the examination must apply online to the Director of CIS Graduate Studies by the Friday of the last week of classes in the semester prior to which the examination is to be taken. The site for the online application may be found by following the Links for Students selection on the School of CIS web site, http://cis.usouthal.edu . The policy regarding the comprehensive examination is available in the CIS office. The comprehensive examination is offered at least once a year. |
| |
|
| 4. |
COMPUTER SCIENCE ELECTIVES |
| |
A list of Pre-Approved Computer Science elective courses and a list of Special Permission courses are given below. All other courses must be approved by the Computer Sciences Coordinator. A maximum of six (6) credit hours of non-CSC or non-CIS courses will be allowed. |
| |
A. |
PRE-APPROVED COMPUTER SCIENCE ELECTIVES |
| |
|
CSC |
510 |
Compiler Design and Const |
| |
|
CSC |
511 |
Comm and Network Analysis |
| |
|
CSC |
512 |
Real-Time Software Systems |
| |
|
CSC |
513 |
Computer Graphics |
| |
|
CSC |
514 |
Modeling and Simulation |
| |
|
CSC |
515 |
Numerical Analysis |
| |
|
CSC |
524 |
Computer Language Design |
| |
|
CSC |
526 |
Database Structure and Design |
| |
|
CSC |
532 |
Advanced Operating Systems |
| |
|
CSC |
533 |
Artificial Intelligence and Heuristic Programming |
| |
|
ISC |
559 |
Info Systems Applications Design and Implementation |
| |
|
ISC |
561 |
Info Systems Database Mgt. |
| |
|
ISC |
571 |
Info Systems Data Warehousing and Decision Support |
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
B. |
SPECIAL PERMISSION COURSES |
| |
|
Approval of the Computer Science Coordinator and the Director of the CIS Graduate Studies is required for CIS Graduate faculty sponsorship of a Special Permission course. A maximum of three (3) credit hours of Special Permission courses may be applied to the degree for the THESIS CONCENTRATION or the PROJECT CONCENTRATION; a maximum of six (6) credit hours of Special Permission courses may be applied to the degree for the COURSE ONLY CONCENTRATION. |
| |
|
CIS |
594 |
Directed
Study |
| |
|
CIS |
595 |
Computer Science Research Development |
| |
|
CSC |
595 |
Computer Science Project Proposal Development |
| |
|
CIS |
598 |
Computer and Information Sciences Project |
| |
|
|
|
|
| REQUIREMENTS
FOR MASTERS DEGREE WITH INFORMATION SYSTEMS (ISC)
SPECIALIZATION: |
| Students
must satisfactorily complete any prescribed CIS
Graduate Professional Component courses, a comprehensive examination, and thirty-six
(36) graduate credit hours for the Master of Science
degree with Information Systems specialization.
The thirty-six (36) graduate hours consist of twelve (12) hours of CORE courses, nine
(9) semester hours of REQUIRED courses, and fifteen
(15) semester hours of approved elective courses according to the selected
CONCENTRATION option as follows: |
| 1. |
CORE
COURSES (12 semester hours): |
| |
All
core courses must be completed with a minimum
grade of B. |
| |
|
ISC |
551 |
Human/Computer Interface Design |
| |
|
ISC |
560 |
Info
Systems Analysis |
| |
|
ISC |
561 |
Info Systems Database Mgt |
| |
|
|
And |
|
| |
|
ISC |
565 |
Info
Systems Project and Change Mgt |
| 2. |
REQUIRED
COURSES (9 semester hours): |
| |
|
CIS |
518 |
CIS
Research Methodologies |
| |
|
ISC |
559 |
Applications
Design and Implementation |
| |
|
ISC |
562 |
Info
Systems Design |
| |
|
|
|
|
| 3. |
CONCENTRATIONS (15 semester hours): |
| |
A. |
THESIS
CONCENTRATION. |
| |
Acceptance to the THESIS CONCENTRATION may occur after successfully completing each Information Systems core course with a minimum grade of B and CSC 518 with a grade of S. Students must enroll in CIS 595 (Computer and Information Sciences Research Development) in the semester during which they defend their thesis prospectus. The thesis will normally be completed in one semester while enrolled in CIS 599 (Computer and Information Sciences Thesis). Students must enroll in CIS 599 in the semester during which they defend and/or submit their thesis. A grade of "C" in CIS 595 will result in dismissal from the THESIS CONCENTRATION to the COURSE ONLY CONCENTRATION. A maximum of nine (9) semester hours of CIS 595 and CIS 599 may be applied to the degree for the THESIS CONCENTRATION. |
| |
a. |
Research Development |
| |
|
A
minimum of three (3) and a maximum of six (6)
semester hours credit of CIS 595, Computer and
Information Sciences Research Development, may
be applied towards the degree. |
| |
b. |
Thesis |
| |
|
A
minimum of three (3) and a maximum of six (6)
semester hours credit of CIS 599, Computer and
Information Sciences Thesis, may be applied towards
the degree. |
| |
c. |
Elective
Course Work |
| |
|
A
minimum of six (6) and a maximum of nine (9) semester
hours of approved electives. A list of Pre-Approved Information Systems elective courses and a list of Special Permission courses are given in this
section. |
| |
d. |
Comprehensive Examination |
| |
|
All students in the Thesis Concentration must pass an oral comprehensive examination administered after the thesis committee accepts the thesis. |
| |
B. |
PROJECT CONCENTRATION. |
| |
Acceptance to the PROJECT CONCENTRATION may occur after successfully completing each Information Systems core course with a minimum grade of B and CIS 518 with a grade of S. A required defense of the project proposal is normally made in the semester following completion of CIS 518. Students must enroll in ISC 595, Information Systems Project Proposal Development, in the semester during which they defend their project proposal. The project will normally be completed in one semester while enrolled in ISC 598, Information Systems Project. Students must enroll in ISC 598 in the semester during which they defend and/or submit their project. A grade of "C" in ISC 595 will result in dismissal from the PROJECT CONCENTRATION to the COURSE ONLY CONCENTRATION. A maximum of nine (9) semester hours of ISC 595 and ISC 598 may be applied to the degree for the PROJECT CONCENTRATION. |
| |
a. |
Project
Proposal Development |
| |
|
A minimum of three (3) and a maximum of six (6) semester hours credit of ISC 595, Information Systems Project Proposal Development, may be applied towards the degree. |
| |
b. |
Project |
| |
|
A
minimum of three (3) and a maximum of six (6)
semester hours credit of ISC 598, Information
Systems Project, may be applied towards the degree. |
| |
c. |
Elective Course Work |
| |
|
A minimum of six (6) and a maximum of nine (9) semester hours of approved electives. A list of Pre-Approved Information Systems elective courses and a list of Special Permission courses are given in this section. |
| |
d. |
Comprehensive Examination |
| |
|
All students in the Project Concentration must pass an oral comprehensive examination after the project committee accepts the project. |
| |
|
|
| |
C. |
COURSE
ONLY CONCENTRATION. |
| |
Information Systems students who do not choose the THESIS CONCENTRATION or the PROJECT CONCENTRATION are assumed to be in the COURSE ONLY CONCENTRATION. Acceptance to the COURSE ONLY CONCENTRATION occurs after successfully completing each Information Systems core course with a minimum grade of B and CIS 518 with a grade of S. |
| |
a. |
Elective Course Work |
| |
|
Fifteen (15) semester hours of approved electives are required. A list of Pre-Approved Information Systems courses and a list of Special Permission courses are given in this section. |
| |
b. |
Comprehensive Examination |
| |
|
All students in this Concentration must pass a written examination. Students must take the examination as soon as possible after successfully completing each Information Systems core course with a minimum grade of B and CIS 518 with a grade of S. Students wishing to sit for the examination must apply online to the Director of CIS Graduate Studies by the Friday of the last week of classes in the semester prior to which the examination is to be taken. The site for the online application may be found by following the Links for Students selection on the School of CIS web site, http://cis.usouthal.edu . The policy regarding the comprehensive examination is available in the CIS office. The comprehensive examination is offered at least once a year. |
| |
|
|
| 4. |
INFORMATION SYSTEM ELECTIVES |
| |
A list of Pre-Approved Information Systems elective courses and a list of Special Permission courses are given below. All other courses must be approved by the Information Systems Coordinator. |
| |
A. |
PRE-APPROVED INFORMATION SYSTEMS ELECTIVES |
| |
|
ISC |
553 |
Info Systems Web Site Mgt. |
| |
|
ISC |
557 |
Modeling and Decision Support Systems |
| |
|
ISC |
563 |
Info Systems Database Admin |
| |
|
ISC |
571 |
Info Systems Date Warehousing and Decision Support |
| |
|
CSC |
511 |
Communications and Network Analysis |
| |
|
CSC |
514 |
Modeling and Simulation |
| |
|
CSC |
527 |
Software Engineering Prin. |
| |
|
CSC |
533 |
Artificial Intelligence and Heuristic Programming |
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
B. |
SPECIAL PERMISSION COURSES |
| |
|
Approval of the Information Systems Coordinator and the Director of the CIS Graduate Studies is required for CIS Graduate faculty sponsorship of a Special Permission Course. A maximum of three (3) credit hours of Special Permission courses may be applied to the degree for the THESIS CONCENTRATION or the PROJECT CONCENTRATION; a maximum of six (6) credit hours of Special Permission courses may be applied to the degree for the COURSE ONLY CONCENTRATION. |
| |
|
CIS |
594 |
Directed Study |
| |
|
CIS |
595 |
Computer Science Research Development |
| |
|
ISC |
595 |
Info Systems Project Proposal Development |
| |
|
CIS |
598 |
Computer & Information Sciences Project |
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
DESCRIPTIONS OF COMPUTER SCIENCES
COURSES ARE FOUND AS FOLLOWS:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |