| PREHISTORIC PERIOD
Hominids
Australopithecine
afarensis
3
million
years ago
Homo
habilis
-
earliest
tools, 2 million years ago
Homo
erectus
-
1.6
million to 100,000 years ago
increased
brain
size
Neanderthals
-
60
types
of tools, burial of dead,
Homo
sapiens
-
40,000
years ago
many
tools,
cave
paintings
- Lascaux
Human society
importance of
cooperation
few instincts
compared to
other animals
importance of
language
Old Stone Age/Paleolithic
period
Hunting and
gathering
New Stone Age/Neolithic Revolution
Settled
agriculture, domestication
of animals - great length of time to develop
pottery
6500BC
weaving 6000
Crude Wheels
and
carts
Technol adv,
grind
stone
instead of chipping
Turning wheel
for
pottery,
glaze in kiln
trade
changing
importance
of women
in New Stone Age?
FIRST CIVILIZATIONS
Definition of "Civilization" and life
in
cities
war and cities
writing
law, religion
MESOPOTAMIAN
CIVILIZATION
Sumerians
Akkadians
Old Babylonians
Ur
Ziggurat
Pluralism
Legitimation
Sargon the Great of Akkad
Utnapishtim and Gilgamesh
Hammurabi, Code of Hammurabi
Religion
animism
leading gods:
Ea,
Enlil,
Tiamat & Apsu, Marduk
Tiamat and
Apsu,
female and
male who give birth to other gods.
Flood account
Utnapishtim
Enlil vs. Ea
Ea and
morality
Views on
afterlife
EGYPTIANS
Important gods: Khepri, Horus,
Osiris, Re,
Nile god,
Aton
Old Kingdom
Re and
capital of
Memphis
Khefre,
Menkaure -
builders
of pyramids
note "re" in
their names
First Intermediate Period
Middle Kingdom
Amen-re and
capital
of Thebes
Second Intermediate Period
Hyksos - were
they
Hebrews?
New Kingdom
Hatshepsut
god Aton and
Pharaoh Amenhotep
IV/Akhenaton
Maat/Maati
Rosetta Stone
ANCIENT HEBREWS
Yahweh
Abraham
Jacob
Moses
Ten Commandments
Torah
Covenant
David
Solomon
Temple at Jerusalem
Israel
Division of Israel into Northern Kingdom of Israel,
capital
Shechem
and
Southern Kingdom of Judah, capital Jerusalem
Assyrian Conquest 722 BCE
Prophet Isaiah
Babylonian Conquest 586 BCE
Prophet Jeremiah
Monotheism and the Hebrew Experience
originally nomadic nature
common experiences not related to natural events
ANCIENT GREEKS
Greek versus Hebrew views of good and evil --
Alexander
Murray
St. Augustine and the pear tree
MINOANS
King Minos, Palace of Minos
Knossos
Greeks = Hellenes, Greece = Hellas
Mountainous geography of Greece and city-states
Mycenaeans
Greek "Dark Ages"
Greek "Renaissance"
Homer
Illiad
Trojan War
Achilles/Achilleus
Patroclus
Hector
Athena
Zeus
Odysseus
Penelope
Polis - City State --
"Spirit of
the polis"
Agora
Oligarchy in Greece
Tyrants in Greece
ATHENS
King
Archons
Areopagus
Draco
Solon
Diké
Pisistratus
Cleisthenes
Tribes
Council of 500
Ostracism
Democracy
Athenian Assembly of all Adult Males
SPARTA
Kings
Lycurgus
Ephors Gerousia/Council of Elders
Assembly of Male Citizens over 30
Messenians
Helots
money made of iron instead of silver or gold
Periokoi
Sophocles
Laius, Jocasta, Oedipus
Antigone, Eteocles, Polynices, Creon
Persian
Wars
Thermopylae
Themistocles
Salamis
Delian League
Pericles
Peloponnesian War
Greek Philosophy
Socrates
and
Plato
Plato's Ideas
Plato's Republic
guardian/philosophers
shared life of
guardians
Plato's view of women
Aristotle
Aristotle's Forms
teleology -
everything
strives
to fulfill a purpose
Aristotle's ethical mean
Aristotle's political
categories
Aristotle's application
of the
"mean"
to the three forms of government, and the defective form of each
where the ruler(s)' passions
are either too strong or too weak:
government by the one: good form, monarchy; bad form, tyranny
government by the few: good form, aristocracy; bad form, oligarchy
government by the many: good form, constitutional government; bad form,
democracy
Aristotle's
view of
women
Alexander
the
Great and
Macedonia
Battle of Chaeronea, 338 BC
"Conquest" of Macedonians by Greek culture
City of Alexandria
Hellenistic Period
Major Hellenistic Dynasties after death of Alexander the
Great
Ptolemies in Egypt
Seleucids in Asia
Antigonids in Greece and Macedonia
Epicureanism - Epicurus
Skepticism - Sextus Empiricus
Stoicism - Zeno - Star Trek's "Mr. Spock" -- "Virtue is
its
own reward."
Science:
Archimedes -- pi -- laws of flotation
Ptolemy -- earth centered model of universe
Aristarchus of Samos -- sun-centered view of universe
ROME
Early Roman
Republic
Consuls
Senate
Assembly of Centuries
Assembly of Tribes
Tribunes
Patricians
Plebians
Patron-client system
Struggle of the Orders
12 Tables
Punic Wars
Decline of
the
Republic
Tiberius Gracchus
Gaius Gracchus
Marius and Sulla
Julius Caesar
Pompey
Beginning of the
Roman
Empire
Octavian/Augustus (adopted son of Julius Caesar)
Battle of Actium Praetorian Guard
Princeps, Pontifex Maximus (titles of Augustus)
Julius Caesar declared a god after he dies
Virgil
Juvenal
Tiberius
Nero
Claudius
Marcus Aurelius
JUDAISM AND EARLY
CHRISTIANITY
Antiochus IV
Judas Maccabeus
Herod the Great
kings replaced by procurator
Pontius Pilate, procurator from 26-36AD
Jewish Revolts 66 AD; 133-4 AD
dispersion of Jews from Holy Land after 133-4 revolt
Sadducees
Pharisees
Zealots
Essenes
Dead Sea Scrolls
John the Baptist
Jesus
Paul the Apostle
Early
variations
in Christianity
Marcionites
Montanists
Arians
Gnosticism
Christian
Thought
Christians and Jews
Stoicism
Justin Martyr
Plotinus & Neoplatonism
St. Augustine
Christianity
and
Rome
Constantine
Battle of the Milvian Bridge
Donatists
Theodosius
Decline of
the
Roman Empire
Colonus
Latifundia
Spanish peasant revolts (3rd and 5th centuries AD)
Diocletian
Constantine
Berbers
Theodosius
Villas
Battle of Adrianople
Visigoths
Vandals
Odoacer
Interpretations
of
the
Fall
of
Rome:
Edward Gibbon
M.I. Rostovtzeff
F.W. Walbank
MEDIEVAL EUROPE
Islam
Mecca
Quraysh
Ka'bah
Allah
Muhammed
Hegira
Medina
relations with Jews of Medina
battle of Badr
Koran or Qur'an
Caliphs, Caliphate
Five Pillars of Islam
Sunnites and Sunnas
Shiites
Imam
Andalus
Cordoba (capital)
Averroes
Al-Khwarizmi and algebra and algorithm
Islamic law and commerce
The Early Papacy
Leo I
Gregory I (the Great)
Monasticism
Hermits
St. Benedict and Benedictines
Social inequality versus spiritual equality of monks and
nuns
Daily Religious
Life in the Medieval
Period
Role of Statues of Christ and Saints
Altarpieces (retables)
Patronage of religious art
noble families
Saints protect cities, crafts, protect against specific diseases
guilds and confraternities
Nobles and Peasants
Invention of
stirrup
and changes in warfare
breakdown of order
Knights, Castellans and Barons
Feudalism and the Fief:
Fief
Hommage
Lord
Vassal
Subvassals and Subinfeudation
Liege lord
Aids
Wardship
Marriage
Manorialism
peasants, slaves, serfs and serfdom
Estate divisions:
domaine
commons
peasant plots
Theory of three orders
lack of awareness of historical change
prayers/clergy
fighters/nobility
laborers/peasants and craftspeople
sin of ambition
The Crusades
Pope Urban II speech at Clermont
First Crusade
attacks on Jews in Europe as well as Muslims in Holy Land
Fall of Jerusalem and ensuing bloodbath
Second Crusade
Third Crusade
Saladin
Effects of Crusades
direct Papal taxes - Saladin Tithe
sanctification of violence
Christians and Jews
reasons many Jews become money lenders
Christian ambivalence about borrowing money and the rise of
trade
pogroms
myth of Jews' bloodlust for Christians
Investiture
Controversy
Investiture
Pope Gregory VII
Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV
German Bishops
German lords who revolt against Henry IV
Concordat of Worms
Medieval Heresies:
Albigensians or Cathari
Waldensians
Preaching Orders:
Franciscans
William of Ockham
Dominicans
Albigensian reconversion
Thomas Aquinas
Both mendicant orders
Women in the
Middle
Ages
Peasant families
Urban craft families
craft guilds
power and frequency of widows
Noble families
courtly love literature
Christine de Pizan
Women and spirituality
Heloise
Catherine of Sienna
Teresa of Avila
Rise of
Universities and
the Flourishing
of Learning
Scholasticus
University of Paris
Universitas (Guild or Corporation)
Peter Abelard
Thomas Aquinas
William of Ockham
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