Fulbright Programs for U.S. Scholars (Deadline August 1)
http://www.cies.org/us_scholars/us_awards/
Programs that offer U.S. faculty, administrators and professionals grants to lecture or do research in a wide variety of academic and professional fields, or to participate in seminars. Traditional, Chairs, IEA Seminars...

Fulbright Specialists Program is designed to provide short-term academic opportunities (two to six weeks) for U.S. faculty and professionals. http://www.cies.org/specialists/ss_application.htm - Open process.

Fulbright Scholar in Residence program
Deadline: October
http://www.cies.org/sir/
The Worldwide Fulbright Scholar-in-Residence Program brings visiting scholars and professionals from abroad to lecture at U.S. colleges and universities for one semester or one academic year.

Fulbright Occasional Lecturer Program (OLP)
http://www.cies.org/sir/olp/
The Council for International Exchange of Scholars (CIES) provides travel awards through the Occasional Lecturer Program (OLP), which enable Fulbright Visiting Scholars who are currently in the U.S. to accept guest lecturing invitations at colleges and universities. Open application process.

Fulbright European Union Scholar-in-Residence Program is to strengthen expertise in European Union affairs by bringing to U.S. campuses scholars from the European Union. Deadline: October - http://www.cies.org/sir/eusir/

Fulbright Programs for Visiting Scholars
http://www.cies.org/Global_Programs/
Programs that support the research and teaching of visiting (Non-U.S.) scholars at U.S. colleges and universities. Traditional, Visiting Specialists, Scholar-in-Residence, Occasional Lecturer, European Scholar-in-Residence...

Fulbright Scholar Grants for Institutions
http://www.cies.org/
Opportunities for U.S. institutions to host Fulbright Visiting Scholars and professionals from abroad to lecture at U.S. colleges and universities. Scholar-in-Residence, Visiting Specialists, Occasional Lecturer, European Scholar-in-Residence...

Fulbright - Hays Group Programs Abroad (GPA) - Deadline typically in first week of October each year, announced in August. Grants to support overseas projects in training, research, and curriculum development in modern foreign languages and area studies for teachers, students, and faculty engaged in a common endeavor. Projects may include short-term seminars, curriculum development, group research or study, or advanced intensive language programs. Three categories: Short-Term Seminars - A Curriculum Development Team - Group Research or Study Projects -- details at:
http://www.ed.gov/programs/iegpsgpa/projecttypes.html

Fulbright Global Programs for U.S. and non-U.S. Scholars
http://www.cies.org/
Programs that offer joint collaborative opportunities for U.S. and non-U.S. scholars, alumni and institutions. New Century, Specialists, Visiting Specialists, Scholar-in-Residence, Occasional Lecturer, European Scholar-in-Residence

US Department of Education Grants in International Education and Foreign Language Studies domestic programs are designed to strengthen the capability and performance of American education in foreign languages and in area and international studies. http://www.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ope/iegps/index.html

Fulbright Teacher and Administrator Exchange program If you are aware of anyone teaching in the K-12 system there is an opportunity as well for US K-12 teachers through this program. Their deadline is in October.
http://www.fulbrightexchanges.org/

International Research Experiences for Students (IRES) The International Research Experiences for Students (IRES) component of the program supports groups of U.S. undergraduate or graduate students conducting research abroad in collaboration with foreign investigators. http://www.nsf.gov/funding/pgm_summ.jsp?pims_id=12831

Germany’s Alexander von Humboldt Foundation awards ten German Chancellor Fellowships annually to young professionals in the private, public, not-for-profit, cultural and academic sectors who are citizens of the United States. Prior knowledge of German is not a prerequisite. The German Chancellor Fellowship provides for a stay of one year in Germany for professional development, study, or research. Applicants design individual projects and decide at which institutions or organizations to pursue them. Successful candidates have come from such fields as government, social and policy sciences, law, journalism, communications, management, finance, economics, architecture, public service, the humanities, the arts, and environmental affairs. Candidates from the life sciences and engineering will be considered if their topics have a compelling social or humanistic dimension. For deadlines and additional information go to: http://www.humboldt-foundation.de/pls/web/wt_show.text_page?p_text_id=4074

French American Cultural Exchange - formerly known as FACSEA, is a nonprofit organization, dedicated to nurturing French-American relations through innovative international projects in the arts, education, and cultural exchange. FACE offers institutional grants for institutional partnerships including: the Partner University Fund, French Heritage Language Program, etc. Check their web site for more information. Deadlines vary. http://facecouncil.org/education/index.html