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How are Advance Organizers and Metaphors Different? Advance organizers are one of two "bridging strategies" to get students to recall prior knowledge and transfer it to a novel situation. The other bridging strategy is metaphor. The major differences between advance organizers and metaphor are listed below:
1. Inclusiveness: Advance organizers generally supply more information explicitly than metaphors. As old material is reviewed, similarities to new material are emphasized. The differences will be referred to during the course of learning the new material. 2. Denotation: Advance organizers signify similarities explicitly, whereas metaphors usually signify via connotation. Advance organizers actually say what they mean. 3. Origins of the prior knowledge: Most often, advance organizers are designed after the instruction on a previous topic has been completed. This allows the instructional designer to achieve the bridging effect to new information, so that the designer is more confident that students have had the opportunity of learning the similarities on which the advance organizer is based. In contrast, metaphorical familiarity is often based on general background knowledge. For instance, consider the possibility that after designing instruction on Roman government, Greek government will be covered. After instruction on both Roman and Greek government has been designed, the instructional designer can make an advance organizer to help students learn Greek government by applying what they already know of Roman government. The designer is confident that students know the structure of Roman government since it is taught immediately before Greek government. |
